Chandipura virus (CHPV) is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus from the Rhabdoviridae family, transmitted by sandflies insect, and known for causing acute encephalitis.

This virus resides in the salivary glands of sandflies and enters the human body through their bites. It is a potent virus that can affect the nervous system and cause encephalitis (inflammation of brain tissue).

Chandipura virus disease, primarily affecting children under 15 years of age, is a significant public health concern due to its potential for severe outcomes.

Acoording to National Institute of virology (NIV) Pune, On Wednesday, the death of a four-year-old child in Gujarat was attributed to the virus, bringing the total number of fatalities to 15. A total of 29 cases have been reported from 12 districts in Gujarat. According to sources, 2 new cases have been reported from Rajasthan and 1 from Madhya Pradesh. The continuous increase in cases has caused significant fear among the public.

Symptoms of Chandipura virus infection typically include:

• High fever: High fever is one of the initial symptoms.
• Seizures: Convulsions or fits are commonly observed in affected individuals.
• Headache: Severe headache is a frequent symptom.
• Vomiting: Nausea and vomiting may occur.
• Neurological signs: These can include signs of encephalitis such as neck stiffness, photophobia (sensitivity to light), and decreased consciousness.

The disease primarily affects children and can progress rapidly to severe encephalitis, leading to high mortality rates. Early diagnosis and supportive care are crucial for managing the symptoms and improving outcomes.

“Supportive Care and Prevention: Key to Managing Chandipura Virus” :

Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for Chandipura virus. Management focuses on supportive care to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. Key aspects of supportive care include

1. Hospitalization: Severely affected individuals, especially those with neurological symptoms, should be hospitalized for close monitoring.
2. Fever Management:fever medicine can be used to reduce fever.
3. Seizure Control: medications may be administered to control seizures.
4. Hydration: Ensuring adequate hydration is important, which may require intravenous fluids in severe cases.
5. Respiratory Support: In cases of respiratory distress, supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation may be necessary.
6. Monitoring and Management of Complications: Continuous monitoring for complications like brain swelling and managing them promptly.

Preventive measures are crucial to reducing the risk of infection, including controlling sandfly populations and avoiding sandfly bites, especially in endemic areas.